Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Xiehe University (SDXIEHE/2025)
Article History
Received: 8 April 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 10 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Academic Committee of the College of Humanities, Arts, and Education at Shandong Xiehe University (2025/3-321) and conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All participants provided informed consent after being briefed on the study’s purpose and procedures. Participation was voluntary, and anonymity and confidentiality were assured.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.