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Authors
Zhou, Runze
Wang, Jinqian
Man, Xiaotong
Huang, Xinying
Zhan, An’ning
Liu, Chunlei
Yang, Jiaqin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202310446033)
the Fund of Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, P. R. China (SYSK202104)
Education and Teaching Reform Research Projects in Shandong Province, P. R. China (25JG011)
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Article History
Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 22 October 2025
Declarations
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: Biomedical Ethics Approval of Qufu Normal University approved the study, indicating that the study was conducted in line with the guidelines and ethical considerations of the institute. The study was run consistent with the specifications of the Helsinki Declaration. All participants voluntarily signed the “Informed Consent Form for Experimental Participants” before the experiment.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
