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Article History

Received: 17 April 2025

Accepted: 29 September 2025

First Online: 24 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from Gadarif University’s Medical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No.: GU/FM/REC/Q3.11.24.10) on November 4, 2024. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The consent screen explained the study’s objectives, voluntary participation, anonymity, and the right to withdraw at any time; participants could only proceed after selecting “I agree.” All responses were anonymized, stored securely with password protection, and accessed only by the research team. No direct benefits were provided, but participants contributed to generating knowledge that may guide future interventions to support healthcare workers’ mental health.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.