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Authors
Yakubu, Yusuf
Mashat, Mabweh Danladi
Obadiah, Abraham Agaya
Ochi, Elizabeth Akwa Amirakpa
Oklewu, Vincent Frederick
Idris, Ibrahim
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Article History
Received: 3 March 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for human and animal research. Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty Research Ethics Committee (FAREC) of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto-Nigeria (UDUS/FAREC/2023/QS003/032).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
