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Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 7 October 2025

First Online: 4 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in Türkiye with the participation of middle school students. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hasan Kalyoncu University (Approval No: E-97105791–050.04–57875). All legal and ethical requirements were fulfilled, and written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.