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Authors
Zaher, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-8541
Mourad, Ghada https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-9006
Ibrahim, Fatma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-0810
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Approval Code: 24.12.445). All procedures adhered to the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. Confidentiality and anonymity of participants were rigorously maintained throughout the study.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
