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Authors
Wang, Lei
Zheng, Lijuan
Bai, Yu
Dill, Sarah-Eve
Rozelle, Scott
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shaanxi Provincial Social Science Foundation Project (No.2024F012)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72573099)
National Social Science Fund of China (22CJL032)
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2024
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: Approval for all data collection activities was obtained from the Stanford University Institutional Review Board (Protocol ID 25734) and from the Sichuan University Ethical Review Board (Protocol ID 2013005–01). All participating caregivers gave their informed consent for both their own and their infant’s involvement in the study. Participants were made aware of the risks involved and understood that their participation was purely voluntary. All methods in this study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
