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Authors
Al-Rajabi, Nour
Masadeh, Rami https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-3732
ALBashtawy, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6107-7605
Mahmoud, Khadejah F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-5515
Allari, Rabia S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-346X
Othman, Elham H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2438-0429
Jarrah, Samiha S.
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This research was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Applied Science Private University (IRB No. 2023-2024-2-2). Informed consent was obtained from students. The anonymity of the study participant was maintained throughout the research process.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
