Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 24 October 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qufu Normal University (No: 2025031) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. In the case of participants under the age of 16, informed consent was additionally obtained from their parents or legal guardians before data collection.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.