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Article History

Received: 25 July 2025

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee, Kırıkkale University, Türkiye (Approval No. 325030; 17 March 2025). Although the ethics application was submitted before study initiation, the committee met later; therefore, the formal approval date post-dated the pre-test. The committee approved the protocol as submitted; no modifications to the data-collection procedures were required. In line with institutional policy for minimal-risk educational research using de-identified assessments, the approval was recorded as retrospective. All procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable data-protection regulations. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before participation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.