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Article History

Received: 14 April 2025

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study adhered to ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Gazira University (Approval No. 43/2025). Participants provided informed digital consent before completing the survey. Data confidentiality was ensured, and no personally identifiable information was collected. Participation was voluntary, and respondents could withdraw at any stage without consequences.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.