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Authors
Hassan, Naffisah Mohd
Kassim, Erne Suzila
Yunus, Noor’ain Mohamad
Ali, Syukrina Alini Mat
Said, Yahya Mahyuddin Utoh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
FRGS MOHE Grant (600-IRMI/FRGS 5/3 (409/2019))
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2024
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: In the case of this research, before completing the questionnaires, free and informed consent was obtained from the participants and from their parents or legal guardians in the case of children under 18 years of age). The researchers’ institution approved the research ethics, Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam (REC/09/2021 (MR/805).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
