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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (22CSH091)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: The research has been approved by the Human Ethics Review Board of East China Normal University in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all adolescent participants and their legal guardians.
: Not Applicable. All research data were collected anonymously and analyzed in aggregate form. No individual details, personal images, or other identifiable information that could compromise anonymity appear in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
