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Authors
Eichhorn, Henrik https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6760-8451
Leydecker, L. Eileen https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3095-0918
Brand, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-6326
Jungmann, Stefanie M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0201-9517
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2024
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: A positive vote by the local ethics committee of the Psychological Institute at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz was obtained prior to data collection. The reference number of the positive vote is 2023-JGU-psychEK-029. All participants consented to take part before commencing with the study. Open science practices were implemented through preregistration ( ). The study adhered to local laws allowing minors aged 14 and above to participate in non-sensitive questionnaire studies without parental consent, with approval from the Supervisory and Service Directorate (File-number: 440 − 23).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
