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Authors
Yue, Yaping
Lei, Jiayuan
Yuan, Haojie
Zhao, Yifei
Zhang, Jinghui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Henan Province (2024XWH058)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior (approval No. 202304080001). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating fathers and teachers prior to data collection. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Confidentiality and anonymity of all data were ensured throughout the study. Research assistants were trained in ethical data collection procedures and confidentiality protocols.
: Not applicable as no personal information is included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
