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Authors
Ding, Bairen
Wang, Yijie
Li, Fei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Foundation Program of China (22CSH087)
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Department of Sociology at Hohai University (2022–0421). All of the procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant policies in China. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants before their participation in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
