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Authors
Qiu, Shiqi
Cao, Yingmin
Chen, Shan
Li, Genyuan
Liu, Yangsheng
Wang, Yun
Zeng, Xia
Yuan, Mingyang
Yang, Wenhan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, China (2021A1515110536)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: The NHIS protocols were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics research ethics review board. Written informed consent was obtained for all participants. The Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Academic Review Board determined the study was exempt from approval because of the use of deidentified data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
