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Authors
Aldbyani, Aamer
Alhimaidi, Afnan
Chuanxia, Zhang
Leng, Jie
Alhadoor, Zaid
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Academic Committee of the College of Humanities, Arts, and Education at Shandong Xiehe University (Approval No. 2025/9–100). The research adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.All participants received clear information about the study’s objectives and procedures and provided informed consent before participation. Participation was entirely voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were assured.
: Not applicable. No identifiable personal data or images are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
