Alaswad, Nadia Kasem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-9068
Hassan, Shymaa Mohammed Sayed https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9856-5769
Elhay, Hanan Azouz Abd https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-8698
Ahmed, Mona R. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5266-9948
Ali, Aml AbdElaal Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-1501
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
Article History
Received: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The Assiut University Faculty of Nursing’s ethical and research committee granted formal approval IRB number: 1120251104, Informed oral consent was obtained from each mother on behalf of herself and her child, in accordance with the approval of the ethics committee. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. All procedures involving human participants were performed in compliance with these ethical principles.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.