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Authors
Fan, Lu
Zhou, Bingping
Zhu, Xinyi
Yan, Yingying
Jin, Jiajia
Lu, Yidan
Xu, Shuhui
Hu, Yu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund Key Project for Ideological and Political Education Courses in Institutions of Higher Education (22VSZ012)
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: All experiments received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Wenzhou University with approval number [WZU-2024–031]. Participants were treated in accordance with the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association and the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to the commencement of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
