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Authors
Le, Chengyi
Zhang, Jinping
Wang, Zixin
Qiu, Feiyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2024
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: The data used in this study were obtained from the publicly accessible online health community (Haodf.com) in China. All data were anonymized and aggregated at the physician level by the platform, and no identifiable patient information was involved. As this research is a non-interventional study using publicly available anonymized data, ethics approval was not required, and informed consent was not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
