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Article History

Received: 14 May 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The research project was evaluated and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the University Center for Health Science of the Universidad de Guadalajara (Mexico), with folio number CI-02324. We have collected data for this web-based study in the three populations in strict accordance with the principles established in the Declaration of Helsinki as well as in the Regulations of the Mexican General Law on Health Research, Peruvian Ministerial Resolution No. 233–2020-MINSA, Regulations on Clinical Trials of the National Institute of Child Health –San Borja of Peru (Resolution 8430 of 1993), and Law 1090 of 2006 of Colombia. We guaranteed at all times the fundamental ethical principles established in national and international regulations, such as obtaining electronic informed consent prior to participation, data confidentiality, the possibility of freely withdrawing at any time, and the exclusive use of information for research purposes. The study’s design and minimum risk (Clinical Trials Regulation of the National Institute of Child Health – San Borja Clinical Trials Regulations, Article 17, Peru) or even no risk (Resolution 8430 of 1993, Article 11, Colombia), together with our full adherence to the principles of respect, beneficence, and justice that govern all research involving human subjects, meant that it was not mandatory to resort to an ethics committee of those two countries.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.