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Authors
Gooden, Tiffany E.
Ruhighira, Jacktan J.
Mashombo, Zainab
Mtenga, Janet
Kansigo, Emily
Sarumbo, Paul
Ngailo, Aneth
Greenfield, Sheila
Manaseki-Holland, Semira
Thomas, G. Neil
Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah
Kibusi, Stephen
Mkhoi, Mkhoi L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Birmingham
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2024
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Review Ethics Committee (IRREC) at The University of Dodoma (Ref. No. MA.84/261/63/128). All eligible PLWH were given a participant information sheet and explained the aims of the study, any benefits and harms of participation, the anonymity and voluntary nature of participation, and told that they could withdraw at any time during the study. The participant information sheet and consent form (if agreed to participate) was read verbatim to anyone illiterate and over the phone to PLWH lost to care. PLWH in care who agreed to participate provided written informed consent; illiterate PLWH signed by thumbprint. PLWH lost to care who agreed to participate gave verbal consent over the phone and provided verbal permission for the data collector to sign the consent form on their behalf. This research was conducted in accordance with The Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
