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Authors
Zhang, Dan
Liu, Xin
Ye, Xiaodong
Huang, Shanshan
Zheng, Kai
Zhu, Suiqiang
Liu, Xiaoyan
Li, Guo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101605)
Interdiciplinary Research Program of Hust (2024JCYJ004)
Tongji Hospital Key Funding (2024A14)
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The NHANES survey protocol was approved by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Research Ethics Review Board. All participants in the original NHANES surveys provided written informed consent. The authors affirm that all methods in this secondary analysis were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees and with the Helsinki Declaration (1975, revised in 2008).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
