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Article History

Received: 24 August 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethical approval was granted by the Karabük University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 27.09.2024 and numbered E.363459. Participants were explicitly informed of the voluntary nature of the study, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their responses. Before completing the questionnaire, all mathematics teachers voluntarily agreed to participate in the study by providing informed consent electronically. Data were anonymized before analysis to protect participant identities and ensure adherence to ethical research standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.