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Authors
Gao, Ruirui
Wei, Xuefeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Undergraduate Teaching Reform Research Key Project of Shandong Province (Z2023320)
the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province of China under Grant (tsqn202103090)
Special Supporting Funding for Leading Talents above provincial level in Yantai City
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and principles to ensure the protection of participants’ rights and well-being. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Ludong University (Approval Reference Number: LDU-IRB-2025-0007). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study. They were assured of confidentiality and informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
