Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 October 2025

Accepted: 16 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in accordance with the Rector’s Regulation Number 24 of 2023 on the Implementation of Research. All procedures followed institutional and national ethical standards as well as the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all student participants, their parents or legal guardians, and school principals prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and confidentiality was assured.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data, images, or other identifiable information in any form.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.