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Authors
Jiang, Lai
Zeng, Xue
He, Hongbo
Wang, Shi-Bin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (19ZDA360)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803302)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (reference No. KY-Z-2022-063-02). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. For participants under 18 years of age, written informed consent was also obtained from their parents or legal guardians. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
