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Authors
Hosseini, Seyed Mohammadreza
Mohammadi, Fatemeh
Hosseinkhani, Zahra
Motalebi, Seyedeh Ameneh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-1139
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Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran (IR.QUMS.REC.1402.243). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to filling up the questionnaires, informed consent obtained from older adults or their legally authorized representative (LAR). The participants were assured of the confidentiality of personal information.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
