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Authors
Zhang, Ni
Chen, Jinyun
Guo, Xin
Xu, Guziyi
Liu, Jia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Youth Project of the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of Jiangsu Province (25ZHC038)
Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education (24YJC190017)
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Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Huaiyin Normal University. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all child participants at the time of enrollment (baseline), when the children were of preschool age. In addition, this study followed the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
