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Article History

Received: 8 October 2025

Accepted: 26 December 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital, affiliated with Shandong First Medical University. All procedures involving human participants complied with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, as well as with all relevant institutional and national regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.