Abooei, Azade
Pourakbari, Arefe
Salemian, Hamed
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Jihad Daneshgahi Mashhad Branch (Approval Code: IR.ACECR.JDM.REC.1402.015). All participants were informed about the objectives of the study, confidentiality of their responses, and their right to withdraw at any stage without penalty. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.