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Authors
Han, Han
Li, Huxi
Yu, Xinyu
Sun, Nana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Institute of Educational Sciences
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: The two experiments conducted in this study were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Qufu Normal University (Approval No. 2024-056). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants were informed that their participation was entirely voluntary, and their responses would remain confidential.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
