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Authors
Liu, Xiaoyu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9164-5433
Liu, Yujiao https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8408-1131
Dai, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6616-1892
Fu, Jingjing https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0601-4940
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(2024) (0071/2023/RIB3)
Macao Foundation's research project (MF2342)
Joint Research Funding Program between the Macau Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) and the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2024 (0003-2024-AGJ)
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in full compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the research was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the School of Education, City University of Macau, and all participants provided informed consent before participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
