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Authors
Nor, Azmawaty Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-8825
Kadri, Nursyuhaidah Mohd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6491-1183
Wahab, Rozita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-7883
Akhrani, Lusy Asa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-6662
Susilawati, Ika Rahma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-4615
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (IF093-2023)
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (IF093-2023)
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (IF093-2023)
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (IF093-2023)
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia, and Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia (IF093-2023)
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki principles and received ethical approval from the Universiti Malaya Research Ethics Committee (UM.TNC(P&I)/UMREC_5146). All participants took part voluntarily after informed consent was obtained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
