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Authors
Chen, Meng-Ting https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5810-4566
Chang, Yi-Wen https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0494-4538
Lin, Chung-Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2129-4242
Dong, Yanhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-0164
Yen, Miaofen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-0591
Lee, Huan-Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-4409
Hsu, Hsiang-Chin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-6701
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cheng Kung University
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Article History
Received: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cheng Kung University Hospital (Approval no. A-ER-108-111). Each participant was given a comprehensive explanation of the aimed specifics of study and their rights, which was implemented into the instrument to ensure informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
