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Article History

Received: 3 November 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Prior to the research, ethics committee approval (38/06) was obtained from Malatya Turgut Özal University Ethics Committee, Türkiye. The study also complied with data protection standards applicable to web-based surveys; no identifying information was collected, responses were anonymous, and all data were stored securely on password-protected servers.Written consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and no compensation or incentives of any kind were provided to participants.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.