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Authors
Zhang, Qing
Wang, Yuxiang
Wang, Junyan
Wang, Xiaotian
Tian, Miaomiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MC211)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Shandong Youth University of Political Science. Informed consent form was also obtained from the participants.
: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
