Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Sun, Haiyan
Cui, Wei
Chang, Yuan
Li, Xiaoran
Liu, Xiaojing
Zhang, Kaihua
Chen, Guanghui
Zhang, Wenxin
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Social Science Fund Project (25BSH097)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Shandong Normal University (Reference Number: SDNU2023081). All procedures performed in the studies were in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents and school principals.
: Consent for publication is not required as all data reported in this manuscript were fully anonymised, and no identifiable data were collected or stored for analytical or reporting purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
