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Article History

Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

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: According to the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, the Ethical Review Procedures for Biomedical Research Involving Human Beings, and other relevant ethical norms at home and abroad, this study is approved by Ethics Committee of Harbin Medical University Daqing Campus(Ethical number: HMUDQ20250521001).All participants were fully informed about the nature and purpose of the study, and provided electronic informed consent. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants had the right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Anonymity and confidentiality of participants’ information were strictly maintained throughout the research process. All collected data were used solely for research purposes and securely stored to prevent unauthorized access.

: All authors of this paper have fully disclosed any potential conflicts of interest related to this study. declares that there are no financial relationships, employment relationships, consulting relationships, equity holdings, patent applications/authorizations, or any other personal relationships that could potentially influence the impartiality or objectivity of the research conducted for this paper.We confirm that this study has not been unduly influenced by any external entities, and all data, analysis, and conclusions presented in this paper are based solely on scientific merit and integrity.