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Authors
Modesto, João Gabriel
Pilati, Ronaldo
Ferraz, Adriana Satico
Sarmet, Mauricio Miranda
Resende, Marília Mesquita
Porto, Juliana B.
Pereira, Cícero Roberto
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (301689/2025-3)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (302414/2019-3)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (306853/2021-3)
Institutional Program for Research, Graduate Studies, and Innovation Support of the State University of Goiás (202400020011175)
Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (00193-000000810/2021-42)
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the American Psychological Association, the Declaration of Helsinki, and the Brazilian regulations governing research with human participants. All participants provided informed consent, and no identifying information was collected. According to Resolution No. 510 (April 7, 2016) of the Brazilian National Health Council, studies that collect anonymous opinions, preferences, evaluations, or meanings that individuals attribute to themes are exempt from ethics committee review (Article 1, item I; Article 2, item XIV). As this research only involved participants’ evaluations of items on corruption, trust, and jeitinho , it did not require registration or review by a Brazilian Research Ethics Committee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
