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Article History

Received: 4 December 2025

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 14 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This current study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical standards established by the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University. Ethical approval was obtained from the Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee on April 10, 2025 (Approval No: E-75732670-100-255289). Informed consent was obtained from all participating pre-service teachers. Throughout the data collection process, scientific integrity and ethical principles were rigorously upheld, and the confidentiality of participants’ personal information was strictly maintained.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.