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Authors
Lin, Ye
Wang, Xixi
Zhou, Zhengmei
Li, Yan
Liu, Li
Zhang, Yuanyuan
Zhou, Zijiao
Li, Xiaona
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Changzhou University Education and Teaching Research Subject (GJY2025011)
Changzhou University Education and Teaching Research Subject (GJY2024008)
Jiangsu Higher Education Teaching Reform Program (2021JSJG005)
Changzhou Social Science Research Project (CZSKL-2024B0089)
Nanjing Medical University Educational Research Subject (2023ZD010)
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: All participants in this study provided informed consent to participate voluntarily. The research strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second People’s Hospital of Changzhou, with approval number [2022]KY312-01. The study design fully respected participants’ autonomy, privacy, and right to informed decision-making, ensuring compliance with international medical ethics standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
