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Authors
Zhang, Tingting
Sultana, Maria
Bibi, Rukhsana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2024 Institutional-level Research on Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Constructions Programs of Zhujiang College, South China Agricultural University (Grant No.〔2024〕53)
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Article History
Received: 23 January 2026
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 9 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for the study protocol, instruments, and consent procedures was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Zhujiang College, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (Reference No. ZJCU-ER-2025–041). In line with journal requirements for author-affiliated institutions, institutional ethical clearance/acknowledgement was also obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan and the Research Ethics Committee, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.All participants were adults (aged 18 years or older) and provided written informed consent prior to participation. Participation was voluntary and anonymous, and responses were used only for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
