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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study uses anonymized data, does not cause harm to participants, and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests. According to Article 32 of the Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medicine Research Involving Human Subjects issued by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, this study does not require ethical approval.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.