Zhang, Bingran
Li, Zhi
Lin, Mi
Liu, Min
Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study involved anonymous online survey and vignette-based experimental procedures and did not collect personally identifiable or sensitive information. According to institutional policies at Chongqing University, formal ethical approval with a reference number and approval date is not required for minimal-risk studies of this nature. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to their participation. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.