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Authors
Luo, Feng
Du, Yannan
Sun, Qilong
Peng, Naiyang
Li, Yansong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qingdao Social Science Planning Research Project (No. QDSKL2301063)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: The studies involving humans were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao University (No. QDU-HEC-2024376). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
