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Authors
Cham, Choy Qing
Ibrahim, Norhayati
Kalaman, Clarisse Roswini
Ho, Meng Chuan
Visvalingam, Uma
Shahabuddin, Farah Ahmad
Abd Rahman, Fairuz Nazri
A Halim, Mohd Radzi Tarmizi
Yahya, Amira Najiha
Roslan, Samsilah
Siau, Ching Sin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2020/SS0/UCSI/02/1)
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR-21-297-58) and UKM Research Ethics Committee (JEP-2021-889). This study was designed and conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
