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Article History

Received: 22 March 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2026

First Online: 19 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Fuzhou University and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Fuzhou University. The study posed minimal risk to participants, and all data were collected anonymously to protect participant privacy. All participants provided informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. They were informed of the study’s purpose, procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Consent was obtained voluntarily from each participant, and no incentives were provided that could influence participation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.