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Authors
Wang, Ruowei
Zhai, Shuna
Shen, Chunhong
Liu, Jiaoyang
Zhang, Pei
Zhang, Tong
Yang, Qingai
Ding, Xiangzheng
Wang, Aihua
Wu, Xiuyun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2023 Shandong Higher Education Youth Research Innovation Team Program (2023KJ372)
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the statement of ‘Declaration of Helsinki’. The survey and data collection for the present study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Weifang Medical University (reference number 2020YX070), Shandong Province. Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin, and students themselves.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
